c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. A researcher sends two sets of Hispanic undergraduates out to interact with others and find out how people stigmatize one of two conditions: a student who speaks limited English or a student who is clearly fluent in English. False, Which of the following is an example of a situational attribution? In these cases, your membership as a university student is simply more salient and important than it is every day, and you are more likely to categorize yourself accordingly. He developed a plan for how the group could most effectively share responsibilities. Johns, M., Schmader, T., & Martens, A. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. c. Cuba a. women over age 35; women under age 35 12 percent b. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. a. receiving unwanted sexual advances ", Which of the following language practices directly reflect the belief of male as normative? Parental and peer influences on childrens racial attitudes. a. Donald Trump is the least racist president ever. d. discrimination, Who would MOST likely believe that strengthening the Black family is the solution to racial inequality? Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. Chul Soo is Korean and currently lives in Seoul. (1994). (Eds.). Brian believes that gender discrimination is no longer a problem in society. She lost her case and left Price Waterhouse. On January 1, 2014, Everett Corporation had these stockholders equity accounts. QUICKBOOKSADVANCE EXAM SECTION 1. a. ageism Stereotyping others is simply unfair. Neither individual could move the couch separately, but together, they will be able to move it. d. Middle Easterners are nonwhite and North Africans are white. c. A federal judge concluded that gender-based stereotyping had played a role in Price b. African Americans This difference is an example of The Energy Policy and Conservation Act, as amended (``EPCA''), prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential clothes washers (``RCWs''). After the war, Japanese families joined many Chinese immigrants in segregated Chinatowns. ), Prejudice, discrimination and racism (pp. c. unableness 3 Two tennis players become good friends. 262 courses. c. Although adults apply gender stereotypes to children, these stereotypes are different from the Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Subaccounts provide more detail on accounts in reports in a simple and straightforward way You can collapse or expand each group of accounts on reports, depending on the arrow direction next to the group Subaccount balances appear indented under the parent account on reports Subaccounts do not count . 4 A girl and a boy who both like jogging fall in love. ceremonies He wants to move to Canada and become a permanent citizen. a. c. had different cultural practices that eventually produced physical differences. Login; Register; d. generalization. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Forbes, C. (2008). Eastern Europe. The outcome is that the stereotypes become linked to the group itself in a set of mental representations (Figure 12.5). Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review. The point at which variable costs equal fixed costs. Because stereotypes and prejudice often operate out of our awareness, and also because people are frequently unwilling to admit that they hold them, social psychologists have developed methods for assessing them indirectly. In fact, just knowing that stereotype threat exists and may influence performance can help alleviate its negative impact (Johns, Schmader, & Martens, 2005). Explain why social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest. In the end, stereotypes become self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true (Snyder, Tanke, & Berscheid, 1977; Word, Zanna, & Cooper, 1974). a. Latina women b. benevolent sexism. Perceiving outgroup members as unresponsive: Implications for approach-related emotions, intentions, and behavior. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). b. laws limiting the rights of blacks in the South during the Civil War 2 We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. According to this approach, thinking about other people in terms of their social category memberships is a functional way of dealing with the worldthings are complicated, and we reduce complexity by relying on our stereotypes. d. modern sexism. c. poverty b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. The nature of prejudice. A. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). d. Latin America or Asia. External situations have no effect on one's personality characteristics. Category and stereotype activation: Is prejudice inevitable? 3 People who do it tend to be young and nave. d. none of the above. d. all of the above, Media define females, more than males, by their Tajfel, H., & Wilkes, A. L. (1963). B. in-group bias Eastern European Americans British Journal of Psychology, 54, 101114. b. assimilation. d. her unfeminine walk. b. portrayal of gender-based social roles Stereotype threat is not, however, absolutewe can get past it if we try. Bias against people because of their disabilities is known as: A. permanent But when the images are arranged such that the women and the strong categories are on the same side, whereas the men and the weak categories are on the other side, most participants make more errors and respond more slowly. c. racialization. Psychological Review, 100(1), 109128. We sometimes think of our relationships with others at the individual level and sometimes at the group level. 29. c. across countries, men showed stronger hostile sexism than women did. b. b. African Americans d. Black women under age 35, Compared to 30 years ago, modern children's school textbooks: Alec was excited that he made it to the finals in swimming. In support of this hypothesis, Steele and Aronsons research revealed that Black college students performed worse (in comparison with their prior test scores) on math questions taken from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) when the test was described to them as being diagnostic of their mathematical ability (and thus when the stereotype was relevant) but that their performance was not influenced when the same questions were framed as an exercise in problem solving. And in another study, Steele and Aronson found that when Black students were asked to indicate their race before they took a math test (again activating the stereotype), they performed more poorly than they had on prior exams, whereas the scores of White students were not affected by first indicating their race. a. c. victim. What is important is to reduce the self-concern that is engaged when we consider the relevant negative stereotypes. d. Elijah Anderson. d. ambivalent sexism. Although he couldn't seem to beat his prior record while practicing, he surpassed it easily during the final meet as his friends cheered him on. The result of these series of activations is the release of a . a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. In addition to learning less about them because we see and interact with them less, we routinely categorize outgroup members, thus making them appear more cognitively similar (Haslam, Oakes, & Turner, 1996). This process of categorization is known as b. some traits are not uniformly applied to women in diverse ethnic groups. Just as we categorize objects into different types, so we categorize people according to their social group memberships. (1978). C. The genetic diversity between races is greater than the genetic diversity within them.D. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(9), 656666. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 20, 371383. Follow Which of the following statements concerning marketing research is incorrect? What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations? a. Jane Collins, a woman married to Mark Sullivan, wants her potential employer to view her as b. Latinas 1 It occurs without conscious awareness. Scientists today dispute the theory that races have significant genetic differences. The basic assumption is that if two concepts are associated or linked, they will be responded to more quickly if they are classified using the same, rather than different, keys. b. According to the Milgram experiments, which of the following factors makes an individual more likely to conform to a request that would harm an innocent victim? a. modern; benevolent Linville, P. W., Salovey, P., & Fischer, G. W. (1986). d. ethnicity. The tendency to categorize others is normally quite useful. Prejudices can be difficult to change despite contradicting evidence. d. Ireland; urban. Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. b. ", Which of the following is an example of spotlighting? Furthermore, he argues that women are getting too many breaks in job hiring and that qualified men are the targets of discrimination. c. 41 percent not support policies such as affirmative action that aim to overcome unequal treatment. The bogus pipeline procedure suggests that people may frequently mask their negative beliefs in publicpeople express more prejudice when they are in the bogus pipeline than they do when they are asked the same questions more directly. but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. b. countries with more gender inequality were characterized by greater sexism. d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. Whites regularly engage in overt racism against Asian Americans. Richeson, J. a. c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. A basic prediction of social categorization theory is that . For example, if asked "how many . a. Puerto Rico d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. Rules Sara Baker, Ori Friedman, Alan M. Leslie (sbaker@ruccs.rutgers.edu) Cognitive development in the preschool years is characterized by diminishing impulsivity in thought and action. Stone, J. a. C. One's behavior is independent of societal expectations and roles. In this procedure, the experimenter first convinces the participants that he or he has access to their true beliefs, for instance, by getting access to a questionnaire that they completed at a prior experimental session. \. c. William Julius Wilson "People stereotype females as communal and males as agentic because they have observed doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.09.014. stereotyping? Schaller, M., & Conway, G. (1999). a. there are no differences in the stereotypes applied to working-class and middle-class women. Classification and quantitative judgment. This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. Over the past half-century, the South has lost all gains in desegregation made since 1954the year of the ______ decision. Asymmetric search of individuating information about stereotyped group members. C. The point at which sales revenue equals contribution margin. 1 point? 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. Automatic category activation and social behaviour: The moderating role of prejudiced beliefs. The speed of these responses is used to determine an individuals stereotypes or prejudice. d. a and c. Which is true of media portrayals of gays and lesbians? That is, they argued that the negative impact of race on standardized tests may be caused, at least in part, by the performance situation itself. c. Sports announcers highlight female athletes' femininity and minimize their athletic ability. Question Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? 15 pages. is/are true? Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. c. spotlighting d. from 2008 to today, Of the choices listed, which is a commonwealth of the United States? b. essentialism. When speeding charges are made, Blacks fare much worse when citations are issued on the basis of the officer's visual assessment rather than radar or laser. drburtoni Transgenders March, Portland 2015 SERIES CC BY-NC-ND 2.0. Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. 1 We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. 1 You are a lousy cook but you keep trying different recipes. x+31=2(x32)6x. d. projecting. This statement best reflects: In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related See Page 1. 18. d. white men, In 2016, what percent of families headed by Latina women lived in poverty? the majority of the confederates gave a wrong answer (for instance line 2 when the correct answer was line 3) . Escalation of conflict is the result of all of the following issues except __________. Which of the following would be an example of a situational attribution? I used this code when statements . Based on research presented in the Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping. d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are d. Native Americans. 165208). Outgroup homogeneity occurs in part because we dont have as much contact with outgroup members as we do with ingroup members, and the quality of interaction with outgroup members is often more superficial. New York, NY: Doubleday. 18 All surveys are administered before instructions for the investment game to minimize strategic responses by subjects. Out of mind but back in sight: Stereotypes on the rebound. 1 "I did a good job because I'm smart." Lepore, L., & Brown, R. (1997). c. Authoritarianism reflects patterns of thought in general rather than a particular personality type. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (``DOE'') to. d. all of the above, Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? d. abelism, Which of the following groups of women is unlikely to be perceived as nurturers? Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? b. three-fourths of the girls received disparaging remarks about their athletic or sports 5. 1-3 Although some particular anxiety disorders may show relatively weak associations with depressive disorders, clinical 4 and epidemiological 5,6 studies find that anxiety and depressive disorders rarely occur in pure forms. III. II. d. "Pioneers moved West, taking their wives and children. In media guides, both female and male athletes are more likely to be shown in passive, nonathletic B. c. projection. Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. c. Southern Europe. Rising to the threat: Reducing stereotype threat by reframing the threat as a challenge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. It is the largest part of the diencephalon and serves as a relay station to all the main sensory tracts (except the olfactory pathways). d. all of the above, Studies of the parents of newborns have found that: c. social role theory. It is separated from the lentiform nucleus by the internal capsule. Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). and males is clearly interpreted as inclusive of both genders. a. The cognitive monster: The case against the controllability of automatic stereotype effects. Swim, J. K. (1994). 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. How can cognitive dissonance help to reduce unconsciously prejudiced or discriminatory behavior? b. prey on women's insecurities to get them to buy advertiser's products. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. ability Now, rather than perceiving themselves as members of two different groups (men versus women), John and Sarah might suddenly perceive themselves as members of the same social category (students at their college). a. genocide. c. Both of the above We experience more negative affect (particularly anxiety) when we are with members of other groups than we do when we are with people from our own groups, and we need to use more cognitive resources to control our behavior because of our anxiety about revealing our stereotypes or prejudices (Butz & Plant, 2006; Richeson & Shelton, 2003). partnership was denied on the basis of her gender. (2007). Lines C and D were seen as the same length in the noncategorized condition, but line C was perceived as longer than line D when the lines were categorized into two groups. 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping Learning Objectives Describe the fundamental process of social categorization and its influence on thoughts, feelings, and behavior. c. The New York Times now publishes announcements of same-sex weddings and commitment c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. c. Cubans Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. Which of the following is not true of Ann Hopkins' legal battle? a. a. stereotype. White women over age 35 According to the text, gender stereotypes: Research on gender stereotypes shows that college students and faculty view: Studies show that college students and faculty view the ideal woman as having: According to available research, which of the following ethnic groups engages in less gender. Battling doubt by avoiding practice: The effects of stereotype threat on self-handicapping in White athletes. A. Indeed, social categorization occurs so quickly that people may have difficulty not thinking about others in terms of their group memberships (see Figure 12.3). b. c. women with disabilities Even today, there is good agreement about the stereotypes of members of many social groups, including men and women and a variety of ethnic groups. Multiple social categorization. True Eagly, A. H., & Steffen, V. J. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 9961010. The social group viewed as the one with which a person identifies is called a(n) ________. a. there are no differences in the way parents view their newborn daughters and sons. Survey 2 is either a 15-statement integrity survey adapted from Becker and Ulstad's (2007) 20-statement survey or a 14-statement driving skill survey adapted from Clapp et al. d. Multiculturalism. D. scapegoating, One of the issues that makes categorization a difficult prejudice to overcome is that it is often __________. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Haslam, S. A., Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1996). a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the Social perception and interpersonal behavior: On the self-fulfilling nature of social stereotypes. b. females as caregivers and males as workers." Terms in this set (62) . This shows that b. On the way home, Reggie and his other teammates blame the loss solely on the player who missed the last minute shot. Thinking about others in terms of their group memberships is known as social categorizationthe natural cognitive process by which we place individuals into social groups. Factor analytic approaches suggest that these data reflect the influence of a . b. girls, more than boys, were described as "little." Greenberg, J., Martens, A., Jonas, E., Eisenstadt, D., Pyszczynski, T., & Solomon, S. (2003). Influence of impression-management goals on the emerging content of group stereotypes: Support for a social-evolutionary perspective. Steve's attitude is an example of Psychological Science, 16(3), 175179. The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. It has been argued that there is a kernel of truth in most stereotypes, and this seems to be the case. b. Donald Trump expresses the kind of racism that is typical in contemporary American politics. Attitude formation is the result of a number of influences. 15. (2011). He decides not to rent his house to the first applicant simply because he is Arab American and rents it to the second applicant, who is white. When our stereotypes lead us to be believe that we are likely to perform poorly on a task, we experience a feeling of unease and status threat. b. eugenics. a. immigration. Experiencing prejudice can lead one to demonstrate behaviors that reinforce a stereotype. Annual non-discrimination testing is required for a plan that integrates with Social Security. Out-group homogeneity effects in natural and minimal groups. Give one example of a superordinate goal. C. holding a stereotype a. spotlighting. Stangor, C., & Duan, C. (1991). B. automatic Aim In this study we aimed to evaluate the quality of information regarding premature ejaculation . 182222). Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba For instance, when a math task is described as diagnostic of intelligence, Latinos and particularly Latinas perform more poorly than do Whites (Gonzales, Blanton, & Williams, 2002). Which of the following minority groups is the largest? c. Cuban Americans Alex is standing in line at Wal-Mart waiting to pay for his purchases. a. modern sexism. This fits most closely with which of the following statements about racism? b. c. hostile sexism. "The typical job applicant worries about his chances of getting the job." \boldsymbol{x}_{\boldsymbol{i}} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 \\ d. modern sexism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797811. Although in some cases the stereotypes that are used to make judgments might actually be true of the individual being judged, in many other cases they are not. Therefore, he does B. Social identity, self-categorization, and the perceived homogeneity of ingroups and outgroups: The interaction between social motivation and cognition. The statements were controlled so that across all the research participants, the statements made by the men and the women were of equal length and quality. Perform the indicated operation. If you are like most people, you will have a strong desire to categorize this person as either male or female. (1993). Social judgeability: The impact of meta-informational cues on the use of stereotypes. d. 50. What does she write concerning Alex? Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. d. all of the above. b. backlash effect The spending pattern of most elderly retirees shows an average decline in outflow during the latter part of retirement O Analysis of Social Security shows that father but has decided to withhold the diagnosis from his mother for as long as possible. The social psychologist John Bargh once described stereotypes as cognitive monsters because their activation was so powerful and because the activated beliefs had such insidious influences on social judgment (Bargh, 1999). Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that San Diego, CA: Elsevier. Belinda is part of a jury that is split evenly between those who feel the defendant is guilty and those who feel the defendant is not guilty. Which statement is the BEST explanation of the fundamental attribution error? Southern and Eastern Europe. b. stereotyping.
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