Best Price Guaranteed Simple licensing. One of the most recognized opera talents in the world, both as a singer and as a conductor, Placido Domingo is another of the famous Three Tenors (with Luciano Pavarotti and Jose Carreras). He took Law, and when he graduated, he worked as a magistrate. Enrico Caruso was an operatic tenor who performed at prominent opera houses in the Americas and Europe. She was 17 when she made her debut with Zelmira. Flrez was awarded the Premio Abbiati 2000 an award given by Italian critics for the annual best singer. Any list of pop opera singers must include Josh Groban. to the content on this blog: Comments and reviews of opera, music, and medicine, Written by Neil Kurtzman | 4th January 2018, Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccination, and Autism, Giuseppe di Stefano sings Vainement, ma bien-aime, Cav & Pag Corelli and Tucker Alternate Roles, Another Failure of AI Man Beats Best Computer Go Program, How to Disable Yahoos Theft of Firefoxs Open a New Tab, Educational Thought of the Day E Coli in Germany, Zinka Milanov The Most Beautiful Voice in the World, Fauci Says Vaccines against Flu and COVID Work Poorly if at All, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Archives: Older posts and additional material. Born in Dresden, East Germany, Ren Papes parents divorced when he was two years old. It was for being a featured performer on the Lord Of The Rings soundtrack. However, he suffered in poverty in his final days. If you are asking regarding the. the principal opera house of Milan, Italy. One of the greatest Italian basses, opera singer Cesare Siepi is remembered for playing the iconic title role of Don Giovanni. 7 Best Contemporary Opera Singers Dmitri Hvorostovsky Lawrence Brownlee Bryn Terfel Plcido Domingo Juan Diego Florez Philippe Jaroussky Ramn Vargas Dmitri Hvorostovsky Kremlin.ru, CC-BY-SA 4.0, via Wikipedia Dmitri Hvorostovsky Interestingly, her first major international performance came when she was a substitute for another performer at Carnegie Hall. Both wonderful, but Trigles voice amazing. The basses discussed below are those who I think were among the best of the past century. She had a creamy voice, in which the listener could bask. She also starred in a short film when she was seven. These includes parts in La Traviata, La boheme, and Pagliacci. She was born in New York City, raised in Greece, and began singing Italian opera in her late teens. 13 Alfredo Kraus 14 James Morris 15 Dmitri Hvorostovsky True basses are distinguished from bass-baritones nowadays, though voices can change over time and sources will disagree with each other. After her dismissal, she focused on recording albums and giving concerts. He died on October 16, 1982 in Mestre, Venice, Veneto, Italy. He is also a Bulgarian opera singer and very famous bass after the war. La Calunnia is what gets them to do the show. Prices most notable roles were Aida and Bess (Porgy & Bess). Also read: Story behind Caruso - Luciano Pavarotti He was a principal baritone at the Metropolitan Opera for more than 30 years and created numerous roles during that time. She won the coveted Metropolitan Opera Audition in 1988 at age 29. Famous bass singers: Famous bass opera singers include . Legendary Italian opera singer Giulia Grisi was the opera worlds prima donna for over 3 decades. Bask in the glorious sounds of some of the world's greatest singers singing tunes from the world's most famous operas. He is remembered for his iconic roles such as those of Ernesto in Don Pasquale and Fritz in L'Amico Fritz. It has offices in Tampa Bay, Florida, and New York City. She was well-known for her incredible range. He mastered all the components required of a great singing actor. Renata Scotto is an Italian singer and opera director. Italian soprano Eugenia Ratti is remembered for her soubrette roles, primarily in interpretations of Cimarosa and Mozart. Another great German operatic bass singer is Kurt Moll. He sang 879 times with the company. Ads Privacy Policy | Privacy Policy | About Me | Contact Us | Sitemap, Why You Are Losing High Notes in Upper Vocal Range? Four mighty strings and 50 mighty players: the best bassists are Wikimedia Commons has media related to Opera vocalists from the United Kingdom. Internationally, he performed in Buenos Aires and New York City. Alexander Kipnis (1891-1978) was born in Ukraine. Elvis Presley Elvis Presley was one of the most famous baritone singers of all time. Kiri Te Kanawa began her career in the late 1960s in London after moving from her home country of New Zealand. Nessun dorma (none shall sleep) aria was made famous by singer Pavarotti and has become an iconic number for dramatic Productions. In 1983, after 15 years of performing in operas and recitals abroad, Norman made her Met debut during the opera companys 100th anniversary season. He also served as music director for the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. Robert Merrill was a baritone who performed with the Metropolitan Opera for more than two decades. Performers include Luciano Pavarotti, Maria Callas, Rene Fleming, Dmitri Hvorostovsky, and Anna Netrebko. Millions of people around the world would see her perform live at the wedding. Soon after, Christoff left for Italy in 1942 and studied in the Italian bass repertoire under Riccardo Stracciari. Had far more vocal variety than Ramey. Lyric soprano Renee Fleming is one of the only contemporary opera singers on our list. Italian bass Cesare Siepi (born 1923) is one of the legendary opera singers of the 20th century generally considered to be one of the finest basses of the post-war period. He was initially a soprano at the St. Mark's Basilica. Plus, his phrasing was elegant that made him get roles like Don Giovanni. He has won a total of 14 Grammy and Latin Grammy awards. Hines got a stentorian voice type that made him a perfect choice for roles like Sarastro of Magic Flute, Mephistopheles of Faust, Ramfis of Aida, King Mark of Tristan und Isolde, and many more. When you buy through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. In her expansive career spanning almost five-decades, Olivero garnered acclaim appearing in opera houses across Italy and around the world including in the US and Europe. Free shipping for many products! One of the rare black opera singers to achieve worldwide fame, Norman performed in the best opera houses and with the best orchestras throughout the world, including at La Scala with the great Berlin Phil. Carreras established an international charity in the mid-1990s to raise money for leukemia awareness, treatment, and cure. A list of female Italian opera singers who were born on the territory of present-day Italy and became famous by performing the Italian opera repertoire: Adalgisa Gabbi (1857 - 1950) Gemma Bellincioni (1864 - 1950) Cecilia Bartoli (1966 - ) Monica Minarelli (1966 - ) These are the female Italian opera singers. Seventeenth-century Italian composer Francesco Cavalli had taken up the surname of his Venetian patron Federico Cavalli. One of the few bass-baritones on our list, Bryn Terfel was born in Wales. Remember that the famous bass singers mentioned above are testaments to the fact that if you have a thunderous bass voice, you can also carve a niche for yourself in the operatic world. He was a Swedish opera singer who began performing at the Royal Swedish Opera while he was still a teenager. Subscribe That same year, he also debuted at Bayreuth. He even appeared in several movies. Within only a few years, she had mastered many roles, including the Flower Maiden in Parsifal, the Countess in The Marriage of Figaro, and the title role in Tosca. His bass voice has that full resonant low with very-low notes and came with a very relaxed vibrato. After making his debut at Venice in 1707, Senesino went on to establish himself as an important singer and performer. Altogether, he appeared more that 700 times at the Met. She was known for her high-pitched voice that was suitable for dramatic coloratura. After studies with Leopoldo Gennai and Annibale Guidotti he made his debut in Lodi, Lombardy, in Loreley and Aida. Caballe was one of the few Spanish singers to find success in German opera, such as Der Rosenkavalier. Also, there's not a specific ranking between these singers, though many favorites are at the beginning of the list. Nessun Dorma (The Lion Sleeps) is his most famous aria. Domingo also hosts an annual international singing competition called Operalia for young opera performers. 1. Like many opera singers on our list, Renata Tebaldi was born and raised in Italy. Given a chance, you would have exchanged it for the voice of the likes of Michael Jackson or Freddie Mercury. Some said her acting overshadowed her singing, and her singing was impeccable. Jessye Norman. She built a healthy career over the next decade, but she would see her fame increase even more after she performed at the wedding of Prince Charles and Princess Diana. [2] Far from being regarded as an elitist art form, opera has been an integral part of Italian American culture across all social classes. Tancredi Pasero (1893-1983), along with Pinza, was the leading Italian bass of his time. Born in Barcelona, Spain, he has built an amazing repertoire of songs, including over 60 roles that hes performed in countries around the world. With the house he would be showcased 59 times, singing just two roles over a 13-year span. Initially an officer in the Piedmontese Guard, he later left the army for his passion, opera. He also performed internationally in New York City and Buenos Aires. Then, he got employed as a regular singer at Berlins Deutsche Oper in 1962. He is credited with reviving many of Verdi's lesser known works. Over the years, she won several accolades, like a pair of Emmy Awards, a Grammy Award, and several honorary degrees from various universities. He sang in Russian, everyone else in Italian. He was born and died in New Orleans; his death was attributed to barbiturate overdose. He sang at the significant world opera houses that included Bayreuth Festival and Metropolitan. Renata Tebaldi grew up in Italy and started singing while in her teens. He studied at the Warsaw Conservatory and then in Berlin. Italian operatic baritone Antonio Tamburini was born to a bandmaster father and was trained in music since childhood. Regarded as one of the 20th century's greatest opera singers, Tebaldi is best remembered for her performances at popular opera houses like San Carlo, La Scala, and the Metropolitan Opera. She sang the American national anthem at the Super Bowl, and a special performance at the World Trade Center after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. At 16, her professional stage debut occurred singing Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. Some of her memorable roles included those in Die Zauberflte, Hansel And Gretel, and LElisir dAmore. She conquered these roles and more very early in her career. Alas, his recorded legacy is scant. If I made a similar list on another day it would likely be different from this one. During his career, he sang more than 50 different roles, including six Puccini operas and more than a dozen operas by Verdi. Natalie Dessay Next: Best opera songs of all time (top opera arias too). After signing a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, however, Lanza only sang in two more operas. Russian singer Dmitri Hvorostovsky died Wednesday. She had also performed in Paris, Munich, and Vienna, among other cities. She is a mezzo-soprano singer who was born in Rome and gave her first performance at the tender age of nine. Siepis interpretation is rousing and richly delivered. Nonnes qui reposez (sung in Italian asLe rovine son queste ) is from Act 3 of this last opera. Soon after the war, his career took off as he successfully sang in Nabucco in Venice, followed by many engagements later at La Scala, Milan. Our list of the greatest female rock singers of all time. After her first performance at the Met, Renata performed there for the next 20 years, giving 270 performances and rarely performing elsewhere. Ildar Abdrazakov is tasked with the role of Assur. This is the standard against all future basses will be judged. Christoffs voice type was characterized by a distinctive dark tone, which was not large compared to other bass voices. The Met is bringing back Rossinis Semiramide next month. He toured various opera houses in cities like Naples, Las Scala, Rome, and Palermo. He was such a charismatic performer that he reinvented himself as a Broadway leading man in Rodgers and Hammersteins South Pacific after his Met career was finished. An immensity and wide range characterize Talvelas voice. Her opera debut came in 1980 when the Zurich Opera Company cast her as Adina in Lelisir damore. Feodor Chaliapin Ezio Pinza Nicolai Ghiaurov John Tomlinson Paul Will never forget him. 10 Antonio Cortis He was known as the "Spanish Caruso". This is a professional review website. He had 95 roles in his repertoire. Cecilia Bartolis fame extends beyond the opera world, and shes won several Grammy Awards in the category of Best Classical Vocal Performance. But as a bonus I include one basso buffo, the best I ever heard Fernando Corena (1916-84). List of the Famous Baritone Singers 1. I sang chorus in Italiana in Algeri in Pesaro with Ramey. Despite his reputation, he returned to the stage after World War II and maintained his popularity for several years. The country has yet to produce a Pavarotti or Rene Fleming, but names like the bass Metropolitan Opera. He had an unfortunate reputation as fascist dictator Benito Mussolinis favorite opera singer, and he even recorded a song about fascism in the late 1930s. It is an incredibly emotional aria from the most famous Italian opera "Turandot" by composer Puccini, that for the passion and precision he poured into it. Sobinov [tenor] 1872 - 1934 Vladimir Rosing [tenor] 1890 - 1963, If you are asking regarding the basic different 'types' of voice Boris Christoff (1914-93) was a Bulgarian bass whose dramatic intensity came closest to that of Chaliapin. She has performed at major American and European opera houses, such as the Metropolitan Opera and the Royal Opera House. Carlo Bergonzi was an Italian operatic tenor best remembered for his performances of operas composed by Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi. With her immense talent, she was able to pave the way for future singers of color. Note how similar is the sound of these two singers. He isnt as well-known as other performers because he only made a few recordings when record players werent particularly common. Jussi Bjrling found fame in the years leading up to World War II. Take heed of the bass, he may be a prophet! He is also remembered for his association with the Metropolitan Opera, where he spent 22 seasons and appeared in over 750 performances of 50 operas. In addition to his prodigious operatic work, Milnes performed for the 100th anniversary of the Statue of Liberty in New York. Thanks to his illustrious career that spanned 25 years, Caruso became one of the most popular entertainers of his generation. These performances include roles in Die Walkure, Die Meistersinger, Carmen, and Don Giovanni. American Rene Fleming was born in Pennsylvania and has distinguished herself in modern opera with four Grammy Awards and was also awarded the National Medal of Arts. Pop stars such as Frank Sinatra, Perry Como, Dean Martin, Tony Bennett and Vic Damone have garnered millions of American fans for their easy-going vocal style and charisma. Renata Tebaldi was the recipient of several prestigious awards, including a Grammy Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Born in Pennsylvania, Fleming has won four Grammy Awards for her singing career, as well as the National Medal of Arts. Born into a signing family in Sweden, Jussi Bjorling was one of the most popular opera singers during the years leading up to World War II. Her final performance came in 1990 when she sang Die Fledermaus.. At the same time, he took vocal lessons likewise. He performed in many iconic operas, such as The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni, and was equally successful in both comedy and drama. Since then, Fleming has sung in nearly every major opera house in the world. Mario del Monaco was an Italian operatic tenor who performed at the popular Metropolitan Opera between 1951 and 1959. Join to view profile. And like any famous bass-baritone, Terfel has sung the title role in Don Giovanni at numerous venues since 1999. Being born to a family of singers, he inherited the incredible bass voice of his father. Horne collaborated many times with Joan Sutherland, performing duets in concert and costarring in operas together. Interestingly, Enrico was in San Francisco for a series of recordings just as the huge 1906 earthquake devastated the city. A mezzo-soprano (meaning "medium" or "middle" "soprano" in Italian) is a type of classical female singing voice whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices, usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above (i.e. Jean Cox (Tenor) Italian American Opera Singer 1973 $32.63 Buy It Now or Best Offer , $24.46 Shipping , 30-Day Returns, eBay Money Back Guarantee Seller: vinyldigsla (5,346) 99.8% , Location: Norwalk, California, US , Ships to: WORLDWIDE, Item: 144823820251 Yet, your voice is genetically determined; thus, you sulk and brood. Since 1996, he has served as general director of both the Washington National Opera and Los Angeles Opera. Big stars and experienced singers will perform, but there will also be younger, less familiar artists who are just making their way in their chosen profession. As I often did with other []. Joshua Hopkins makes his Oslo debut. Norman Treigle (1927-75) was a performer who had to be seen onstage to realize what a great performer he was. Den Norske Opera, Oslo, Oct. 12 to Jan. 13. Lohengrin follows the same idea but the bleak, ambiguous poetry of Girard's earlier production has been replaced with something that more resembles a low-budget 70s fantasy film.When the curtain rises, we're underground in a concrete bunker, a . Moreover, he sported a fantastic stage presence. So, you have a very low deafening voice, and you hate it because it makes you sound like thunder or a gong. Jerome Hines??? She was well-known for playing Lucia de Lammermoor and performed the role more than 200 times in concerts across the world. He also appeared in opera films, such as The Barber of Seville. Pasta is credited with originating iconic roles, such as Donizetti's Anna Bolena, Bellini's Amina in La sonnambula, and the title role in Norma. Known both for her vocal range and her beauty, she was a noblewoman who made her musical debut with Ariodante. However, his Metropolitan Opera debut came at the age of 69. Six of the best King's Singers recordings; The top 5 tenors of all time 5. After building her reputation as a performer, her work eventually brought her to a position as the artistic director of the Salzburg Whitsun Festival. 10000+ high-quality GIFs and other animated GIFs for Free on GifDB. A Luigia Abbadia Ester Adaberto Simone Alaimo Marietta Alboni Domenico Annibali Vincenza Armani B Girolamo Bacchini Carolina Bassi Andrea Bellini (singer) Michele Benedetti (bass) Francesco Benucci Experts and fans revered him for the richness of his voice timbre and its flexibility. Meyerbeer was born to a Jewish family in Tasdorf, near Berlin, Germany with the name Jacob Liebmann Beer. Diva may be an apt description of powerful soprano Kathleen Battle, who was fired from the Metropolitan Opera in 1994 after a series of professional dustups. Nicknamed the King of the High Cs, Pavarotti is regarded as one of the best tenors of the 20th century. Liams lifelong love for music makes his role at Music Grotto such a rewarding one. Matti Kalervo Salminen was born on July 7, 1945. Siepi began singing as a madrigal group member. Knowing their rarity makes you also understand that very few music repertoires were written for this voice. Beniamino Gigli was an Italian opera singer who is counted among the best tenors of his generation. Italian libretti were the norm, even when a German composer like Handel found himself composing the likes of Rinaldo and Giulio Cesare for London audiences. Her success is all the more rewarding because she was diagnosed with polio when she was only three but managed to survive the illness and grow up with an interest in music. I heard five of those gentlemen, but none of them could equal Kurt Moll, and just a hair behind him, Matti Salminen. Nazzareno De Angelis (1881-1962) was an Italian bass especially known for his Rossini, Verdi, and Wagner roles and for his portrayal of Boitos Mefistofele which was the part he sang most often. Critics regarded him as having the largest bass voice captured in a body. Yet, he continued singing during his spare time in Sofia and achieved remarkable success as a chorus soloist. Katia Ricciarelli is an Italian singer and actress. Talvela took primary school teaching and worked for three years as a primary school teacher. After achieving considerable fame with her role in Rossinis Le Sige de Corinthe at Milans La Scala, she toured Austria, Germany, Spain, Russia, and the US, and eventually retired due to her obesity issues. Light, Italian opera was a favorite of hers, including Il Trovatore and Tosca. Below is our list of the 23 greatest and most famous opera singers of all time. He often performed with fellow tenors Plcido Domingo and Jos Carreras, and the three were billed as The Three Tenors in concert. Cesare Siepi (1923-2010) had everything a bass could want good looks, great stage presence, a fine lyric voice, and good luck. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Operatic_basses&oldid=1051288938, Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 201300 pages, CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 October 2021, at 16:06. She won an amazing 19 Grammy Awards during her career and was eventually awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. He also played Boltos Mefistofele and Colline in La bohme, and many more. Pages in category "Italian opera singers" The following 78 pages are in this category, out of 78 total. In 1989, Norman sang the French national anthem on the 200th anniversary of the French Revolution. Mario Del Monaco was born on July 27, 1915 in Florence, Tuscany, Italy. Her popularity soared and hit its peak in the 1960s when she solidified her solo career by performing Carmen by Bizet. She later married opera singer and Italian nobleman and knight Giovanni Matteo Mario. Thank you for including Norman Treigle On this list. She started singing with her church choir, then, unfortunately, her first attempt at college was denied because she was black. He also performed in Wagner's Gtterdmmerung, Tannhuser and Lohengrin. Indeed, Farinelli was one of the most famous singers of the 18th century. Mirella Freni and Nicolai Ghiaurov lived in Modena and performed together frequently. But he was far from finished singing. Pavarotti- Nessun dorma- Puccini- Turandot Watch on Enrico Caruso The son of a factory mechanic (and bass singer) in Naples, Caruso was a teenage singing star there. Here is a compelling reading of Wotans Farewell from the end of Act 3 of Wagners Die Walkre. Here are the 25 best opera singers of all time: One doesnt need to love opera to know the name, Luciano Pavarotti. His commercially released recordings made him an international star in the early-1900s. 1 Dmitri Hvorostovsky 1962 2017 baritone Russian 445 184 2 Bryn Terfel 1965 bass-baritone Welsh 567 201 3 Thomas Hampson 1955 baritone American 519 271 4 Leo Nucci 1942 baritone Italian 799 387 5 Ruggero Raimondi 1941 bass-baritone Italian 746 400 6 Robert Merrill 1917 2004 baritone American 1149 356 He sang more than 50 roles in eight years with his national opera company. He married fellow singer Teresa Pinotti, and many of his children too were singers. He spent the last years of his career and life in New York City, singing many roles at the Metropolitan Opera and recording for the Victor Talking Machine Company. She was known for her coloratura vocal quality and range. Merrill became widely known for singing the national anthem at hundreds of New York Yankees games over the years. "Lonely House" from Kurt Weill's "Street Scene" Weill's music may be challenging to learn, but this haunting aria suits a young singer's voice. This is due to the promotion of different cultural and religious values and was often reflected in operatic music from this era. Apart from performing legendary venues such as La Scala, he also performed at the Vienna State Opera and on Broadway. She, however, died in poverty. He made nearly 250 recordings in the early 1900s. Unfortunately, she was involved in a controversy after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, which threw her career into some turmoil. You can also expand your range with proper training, and if you are lucky, you can make a name for yourself. Opera is a performance art that was created at the end of the 1500s in Italy. Famous Opera Songs to Listen To. Five singers that have a bass voice are: Lance Bass Scott McCreery Johnny Cash Brad Roberts Barry White What are the different types of opera singers? Price was also known to be one of the best actors on an opera stage. One of her most famous collaborations was in the role of Maria in a recorded version of West Side Story, alongside Jose Carreras. However, Ren Pape of Germany is a bass opera singer with a reputation for conquering German operas like those of Wagner. Next: Greatest female singers from the 1970s (our list). A quick guide to Verdi's Requiem. Since his 1995 debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York, Rene Pape performed at least one role in each season at the Met for 16 consecutive years. Maria Callas studied music from a very early age after moving to Greece with her mother. She has won five Grammy Awards for Best Classical Vocal Performance. He gave 23 performances and then vanished until 1921, several months after the death of Enrico Caruso, when he reappeared in the title role ofBoris Godunov. Franco Corelli was an Italian tenor best remembered for his powerhouse voice, clear timbre, electrifying top notes, remarkable performances, and passionate singing. She was a leading performer at all the worlds major opera theaters, including La Scala and the Met. She joined the Metropolitan Opera in 2002 and performed as Donna Anna in Don Giovanni. She was awarded the title of Peoples Artist of Russia due to her international fame. Florid coloratura singing from a bass! Below is our list of the 23 greatest and most famous opera singers of all time. However, Tagliabue would go on to excel in the Verdian repertoire, especially La forza del destino, Aida, Rigoletto, La traviata, Nabucco, and Otello. The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 244 total. Born in Naples, Italy, he was just 22 when he made his opera debut. Caruso also happened to be in San Francisco for a series of singing engagements when the famous 1906 earthquake occurred. Hes added a staggering number of Grammys and Latin Grammy Awards to his collection over the years, having won at least 14. Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi, in particular, gave the baritone voice some of its most compelling showcases, with title roles in hits like Rigoletto, Nabucco, and Macbeth. He had a strong interest in music when he was a child, and he used to sing to his fathers cows for fun and practice. Next: The top songs for baritone singers to sing for karaoke or auditions. Tebaldi performed almost exclusively at the Met for the next 20 years and 270 performances. filter list by All Voters rank it your way 1 418 votes Nicola Ghiaurov 2 299 votes He created the role of Basilio in Respighi's La fiamma in 1934. She debuted at the opera in 1945 with the Gilbert And Sullivan theatrical group. If you're searching for a particular famous opera singer from Italy, then use the "search" function to find who you're looking for. Lastly, he received many awards, including two Grammy Awards in 1982 and 1991 for Best Opera Recording and many other recognitions. He had 95 roles in his repertoire. Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti was an Italian operatic tenor nicknamed "King of the High Cs". He was also well respected for his great attitude in researching the roles he played. A celebrated performer, Farinelli is widely regarded asone of the greatest singers in operatic history. Jerom A. Hines was born on November 8, 1921.
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